高考考试英语完形填空的解题方法
■湖南 马庚华
1、语境推断法
近几年高考考试英语完形填空题的最大特征是——重点考查语境。所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文，它包含文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。所以考生在做题时，必须要从整体上把握文章内容，区别文章的结构层次和文章的内在逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，并从中选最符合语境的答案。
2、语法剖析法
尽管近几年的高考考试完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，极少考查纯语法常识，但借用语法剖析来帮助理解句子、推断语境、判断搭配等，这却是必不可少的。所以，考生在遇见疑难复杂的句子时，应充分借助所学语法常识进行剖析处置，以免因理解上的差错而选错答案。
3、知识判断法
语境的判断在很多状况下需借用知识的判断，所以考生在做题时还应充分结合自己作为一名初中生所应该拥有的知识进行合理推断。如车在转弯时，行车速度要放慢；人累了就要休息；学习不需要功，考试就不可以及格等，这都是知识问题。不过这里也请注意，如果是在这种语言环境下，作者用了but, however 之类的表示转折的词汇，状况则可能完全相反，如人累了却不休息；车在转弯时，行车速度却偏要加快等。
4、习语搭配法
英语中，一些固定的句型和短语结构既是学习的一个难题，也是完形填空的一个常考考试知识点。做题时应注意所填空之词与空格前后词汇的习惯搭配。如：
I started surfing about five years ago and ______ in love with the sport on the very first day.
A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell
此题应选D，由于fall in love with 是习惯搭配，意为“爱上”、“喜欢上”。
5、比较择优法
即依据文章内容和上下文的情景，通过比较所给选项，从中选出最好答案。
6、错误排除法
有的题目通过正面的选择一时很难确定最好选项，可尝试用排除法，即从文章语境、词汇搭配、语法结构、习惯使用方法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项剖析比较，排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。
7、先易后难法
因为完形填空题是在一篇短文中挖去一些词，且绝大部分是一些实词，所以文章读起来一定有一些困难程度。考生在做题时，千万不可以不分难易地把所有考试试题一次解决，而应尝试用先易后难的办法。即顺着文章思路，依据自己对文章的理解，一边读一边把容易做的、有把握的先做好，对于一时没把握的难点，可以暂时跳过去或初拟一个答案，可能后面会有对这道题的提示。把容易的做好后，文章空格也随之降低，整篇文章的意思也就会变得更明确，这个时候难点或许就会变为易题了。
下面请看一篇实例剖析：
Susan Cleveland is the young president of a candy company in the city of
Susan, ___1___, did not have any jobs before becoming head of the company. She just finished the college.
The employees became ___2___ concerned during Susan’s first months ___3___ the job. Mr Cleveland had been a ___4___ leader. But Susan permitted ___5___ employees to make their own ___6___. One employee said, “Old Mr Cleveland ___7___ told us what to do. He kept people on a short leash. ___8___ the company did well. What does a “short leash” mean? A leash is a kind of rope. We use a leash ___9___ our pet dogs. The leash keeps the dog from ___10___ away ___11___ getting into trouble.
Keeping a person on a short leash means keeping him or her ___12___ close control. The person can’t make many decisions for himself or herself. Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get ___14___ ways to do business. For example, her secretary proposed an idea. She said the company should ___15___ a sum of money as a prize to the best students in the high school ___16___ the factory. The winner could use the prize money to study at a university. Ms Cleveland ___17___ the idea. After the prize was announced, ___18___ who lived in the area of the factory began to buy ___19___ of the company抯 candy. Local newspapers wrote about the competition. Business ___20___.
Ms Cleveland made her secretary the company抯 first Director of Public Relations. The former secretary was very pleased.
1. A. but B. yetC. so D. however
2. A. so little B. even less C. even more D. no more
3. A. on B. inC. for D. at
4. A. weak B. strong C. kindD. clever
5. A. no B. a few C. few D. many
6. A. products B. candies C. decisions D. plans
7. A. never B. always C. seldomD. did
8. A. Although B. Because C. Otherwise D. But
9. A. to walk B. to use C. to frightenD. to play
10. A. stepping B. pulling C. runningD. jumping
11. A. in B. for C. when D. or
12. A. in B. on C. for D. under
13. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While
14. A. other B. more C. many D. better
15. A. save B. offerC. getD. lend
16. A. belonging toB. far fromC. nearD. in
17. A. studied B. appreciatedC. refused D. changed
18. A. studentsB. workers C. businessmen D. people
19. A. someB. little C. moreD. less
20. A. improvedB. failed C. continued D. sTOPped
答案分析：本文叙述年轻的 Susan 接任总经理，所采取的管理手段与她父亲的大不相同，她敢于采纳不认可见，使企业的效益愈加好。
1. D依据后文可知“在她任公司领导前没任何工作经验”，和上文是转折关系。
2. C依据下文判断，新的总经理对雇员“愈加”关心。
3. Aon the job 是习语，意思是“当班、任职”。
4. B依据下文的 the company did well 可知 Mr Cleveland 是一位strong leader。
5. D依据下文的叙述可判断是“很多”雇员。
6. Cmake one抯 decision是固定短语。
7. B依据上文所述新经理一直让雇员作源于己的决定，而Old Mr Cleveland“一直”告诉他们如何解决。
8. D依据上下文可知此处为转折关系，故用but。
9. Awalk a dog 意为“遛狗”。
10. C依据句意：皮带是用来预防狗跑开，因此选 running，run away 意思是“跑开、跑掉”。
11. D表示两者的选择用 or
12. D“在……控制之下”用介词 under。
13.C依据前后句子的逻辑关系是表示转折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland 把工人用带子捆绑起来，而她不那样，相反 , 她鼓励雇员……”。
14. D依据前面的 encourage 来判断答案，她鼓励雇员们寻求“更好的”办法把买卖做好。
15. B依据后面的 a sum of money as a prize 判断答案，提供少量的钱作为奖赏。
16. C依据知识，一般是为在工厂“附近”的学校学生提供奖学金。
17. B从下文公司效益提升了来看，她对其秘书的这个主意非常“赏析”。
18. D依据定语从句判断答案，指住在工厂区的“大家”。
19. C与以前比较，卖的糖果“更多”了。
20. A依据上文，报纸给予宣传，群众买糖果的多了，因此买卖红火了，效益提升了。
